Daily home-based meditation can increase the amount of grey matter in brains of patients with mild Alzheimers disease: Study

A recent study by Indian researchers has shown that a six-month daily home-based meditation can increase the amount of grey matter in brains of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or those with mild Alzheimer’s disease. Meditation, therefore, appears to have a protective effect on the brain in these patients.

Persons with MCI are forgetful but can lead independent lives. However, they have a higher risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s disease is progressive and irreversible and a major global health problem with huge socioeconomic implications. Yet, except for one prohibitively costly drug that is still being evaluated for clinical benefit, no medicine can alter the disease progression nor prevent or delay its conversion from the stage of MCI.

A research supported under the SATYAM program by Department of Science & Technology, Govt. of India was led by Dr. Amitabha Ghosh Director and Head Department of Neurology, Apollo Multispecialty Hospital Kolkata (erstwhile Apollo Gleneagles Hospital) together with Dr. S Bapi Raju {Cognitive Science lab at IIIT Hyderabad}, in collaboration with other researchers shows that a simple, cheap, easy to follow, meditation routine, when practiced daily for several months, can reverse grey matter loss in MCI and even in mild Alzheimer’s disease. This work has been published in the journal ‘Frontiers in Human Neuroscience’.

For this work, the researchers allocated patients with MCI or mild Alzheimer’s disease to meditation or control groups. The meditation group practiced 30 minutes of silent, sitting meditation daily for 6 months. They did MRI scans at baseline and after 6 months, and all patients also underwent neuropsychological assessment. The meditation group showed significantly increased grey matter over the frontal brain regions that are responsible for control of attention and goal-directed decision-making and reduced grey matter posteriorly. The left hippocampus (memory) and the right thalamus also showed an increase in grey matter volume. The team found a trend towards improved attention among the meditators.

According to the researchers, meditation research in MCI and Alzheimer’s disease is still very young. Previous researchers combined meditation with physical postures, movements, mantras, kriyas, or other mindfulness practices. Home meditation practice typically lasted 8-12 weeks. Studies where it did extend for longer, did not include brain changes. This is one of the first on brain changes in MCI and Alzheimer’s disease that explores the effects of silent, sitting meditation alone, practiced daily over a long term. The techniques are similar to those commonly practiced by regular meditation practitioners yet simplified enough to train a patient with early memory loss.

“Much of our waking state is spent on mind wandering. Excessive mind wandering, especially when loaded with persistent negative thoughts, damage the brain, predisposing one to early aging or even Alzheimer’s disease. Meditation teaches non-judgmental and non-reactive awareness of appearing thoughts and improves one's ability to disengage and focus on intended goals. By doing so, meditation activates a set of brain networks which co-ordinate to increase attention and goal-directed behaviour, and reduce mind wandering and emotional reactivity,” Dr. Amitabha Ghosh explains.

This research suggests that spending a little time everyday on meditation practice could be protective in patients with memory loss. It is possible that the earlier one starts practicing meditation, the better will be the results. The team plans to follow up on this work with much larger participant numbers and longer durations of study.